Clausen Center faculty Benjamin Faber and Cecile Gaubert have been selected as 2020 Sloan Research Fellows in economics. Awarded annually since 1955, the fellowships honor scholars in the U.S. and Canada whose creativity, leadership, and independent research achievements make them some of the most promising researchers working today. You can learn more about the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the fellowships on their website.
by Andres Gonzalez-Lira
Creating effective institutions that regulate the way public authorities purchase goods, works, and services is critical to promote a level playing field for all businesses and ensuring efficient resource allocation. This research project aims to study the role of different institutional features in improving economic efficiency.
by Chaewon Baek & Todd Messer
Many studies in international trade and macroeconomics typically assume that all firms produce only a single product. However, as emphasized by Hottman et al. (2016), multi-product firms actually account for a significant portion of sales and tend to be large. This project aims to investigate the implications of relaxing the assumption of single-product firms. In particular, we examine the importance of product scope in explaining how markups are determined and distributed across firms. First, theoretically, we argue that the definition of a firm-level markup is no longer obvious when one relaxes the assumption of single-product firms. Markups can then vary due to how product scope affects pricing decisions by product. Second, we test the theory in the data by matching bar code level sales to firm production data in order to estimate how markups are related to product scope. Our results have important implications in explaining declining competition since the 1980s and patterns of international trade.
by Roman Zarate
This paper assesses the impact of urban transit improvements on labor allocation between informal and formal firms in Mexico City. I exploit the construction of new subway lines and a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system to study the relationship between commuting costs and informality rates. An important characteristic of labor markets in developing countries is the presence of informal, household-run businesses that employ more than 60% of the total workforce, and are substantially less productive than formal firms. This study explores a new mechanism that can explain the prevalence of informal workers: the high commuting costs within cities. In the second part, I develop a quantitative urban model to measure the welfare effects of these improvements accounting for this reallocation across sectors and estimate optimal policies to attract more workers to formal firms.
by Isabela Manelici & Jose P. Vasquez
This project studies the impact of the entry of multinational corporations (MNCs) on worker outcomes using administrative data from Costa Rica. Policy makers from developed and developing countries alike and at all levels of government compete for the attraction of superstar firms (typically MNCs) through large economic incentives. In return, they expect an improvement in the labor market conditions of their jurisdiction. Despite the pervasiveness of such incentives, there is relatively little worker-level evidence on the impact of MNCs on the labor market and, in particular, on the distribution of labor earnings. Our project would contribute to the literature by providing evidence on who are the winners, the losers, and how the impacts of MNC entry are distributed across different worker groups (by education, occupation, initial position in the income distribution etc.).
by Isabela Manelici and Jose-P. Vasquez
Development
International Trade & Development